International Journal of

ADVANCED AND APPLIED SCIENCES

EISSN: 2313-3724, Print ISSN: 2313-626X

Frequency: 12
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 Volume 12, Issue 3 (March 2025), Pages: 255-261

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 Original Research Paper

Developing visual-motor coordination through ABLLS-R-based training in children with moderate autism spectrum disorder

 Author(s): 

 Sherif Adel Gaber *, Ibrahim Ali Dawsari, Abdulwahab Saeed Alzahrani, Awatif Mahmoud Hamad, Alia Hamed Ibrahim, Sumaia Attia Al Hasan

 Affiliation(s):

 Faculty of Education, King Faisal University, Hofuf, Saudi Arabia

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 * Corresponding Author. 

  Corresponding author's ORCID profile: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9787-8041

 Digital Object Identifier (DOI)

 https://doi.org/10.21833/ijaas.2025.03.025

 Abstract

This study examined the effectiveness of interventions based on the revised assessment of basic language and learning skills (ABLLS-R) in improving visual-motor coordination (VMC) and related functional skills in children with moderate autism spectrum disorder (MASD). Sixty children with MASD, aged 9 to 12 years (mean = 10.8, SD = ±1.23), were selected from a daycare center in Al-Ahsa and randomly assigned to experimental and control groups (n = 30 each) using a quasi-experimental design. The Visual-Motor Coordination Scale (VMCS), standardized for the Saudi environment, was used to assess performance. The results showed that the experimental group demonstrated significant improvement on the VMCS assessment compared to the control group and exhibited enhanced performance in post-measurement compared to pre-measurement. Furthermore, there was no significant difference between the post-measurement and one-month follow-up scores for the experimental group, indicating the program’s effectiveness in developing targeted skills and maintaining improvements over time. The study recommends implementing more ABLLS-R-based training programs to enhance various skills in children with MASD and regularly evaluating their effectiveness in care centers.

 © 2025 The Authors. Published by IASE.

 This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

 Keywords

 Visual-motor coordination, Autism spectrum disorder, Functional skills, ABLLS-R intervention, Training effectiveness

 Article history

 Received 14 November 2024, Received in revised form 28 March 2025, Accepted 1 April 2025

 Acknowledgment

The researchers are grateful to the Deanship of Scientific Research at King Faisal University for supporting this study (KFU250322).

 Compliance with ethical standards

 Ethical considerations

The researchers in this study adhered to all ethical standards, ensuring the anonymity of the participants and their families’ consent to their children’s participation in the study experiment and commitment to its conditions. The Deanship of Scientific Research at King Faisal University in Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia, granted ethical approval to conduct the study (approval number: KFU-REC-2024-MAY-ETHICS2356).

 Conflict of interest: The author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.

 Citation:

 Gaber SA, Dawsari IA, Alzahrani AS, Hamad AM, Ibrahim AH, and Al Hasan SA (2025). Developing visual-motor coordination through ABLLS-R-based training in children with moderate autism spectrum disorder. International Journal of Advanced and Applied Sciences, 12(3): 255-261

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 Tables

 Table 1 Table 2 Table 3 Table 4 

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