Characterization of bacterial cellulose produced via fermentation of acetobacter xylinum 0416

Zahan, Khairul Azly; Anuar, Afiq Haiqal Iman; Pa’e, Norhayati; Ring, Leong Chean; Yenn, Tong Woei; Mustapha, Mahfuzah

International Journal of Advanced and Applied Sciences

Int. j. adv. appl. sci.

EISSN: 2313-3724

Print ISSN: 2313-626X

Volume 4, Issue 3 (March 2017), Pages: 19-24

Title: Characterization of bacterial cellulose produced via fermentation of acetobacter xylinum 0416

Author(s): Khairul Azly Zahan ^1, *, Afiq Haiqal Iman Anuar ¹, Norhayati Pa’e ², Leong Chean Ring ¹, Tong Woei Yenn ¹, Mahfuzah Mustapha ¹

Affiliation(s):

¹Malaysian Institute of Chemical and Bioengineering Technology, Universiti Kuala Lumpur, Vendor City Taboh Naning, 78000 Alor Gajah, Melaka, Malaysia
²Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor, Malaysia

https://doi.org/10.21833/ijaas.2017.03.004

Full Text - PDF XML

Abstract:

The production of plant-based cellulose products had contributed to the increasing rate of deforestation activities. Bacterial cellulose (BC) produced via fermentation process can be considered as an alternative. In this study, BC was produced by fermentation of Acetobacter xylinum 0416 and further analyzed to determine its physiochemical properties. The characterization of the BC was carried out through fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), pH, moisture content, compressibility index and swelling properties. Then, it was compared with plant-based cellulose products which are carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and cellulose powder (CP). FTIR analysis demonstrated the similar properties between BC, CMC and CP while FESEM depicted a smoother surface and nanostructure of the BC. The TGA analysis indicated that BC has the highest thermal stability compared to CMC and CP. The other characterization results showed that BC displayed promising properties compared to CMC and CP. These findings further support the potential of substituting the use of plant-based cellulose products in the market with BC produced by A.xylinum 0416.

This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

Keywords: Bacterial cellulose, FTIR, FESEM, TGA, Physiochemical properties

Article History: Received 3 November 2016, Received in revised form 18 January 2017, Accepted 18 January 2017

Digital Object Identifier:

https://doi.org/10.21833/ijaas.2017.03.004

Citation:

Zahan KA, Anuar AHI, Pa’e N, Ring LC, Yenn TW, and Mustapha M (2017). Characterization of bacterial cellulose produced via fermentation of acetobacter xylinum 0416. International Journal of Advanced and Applied Sciences, 4(3): 19-24

http://www.science-gate.com/IJAAS/V4I3/Zahan.html

References:

Alyamani A and Lemine OM (2012). FE-SEM characterization of some nanomaterial, scanning electron microscopy. In: Viacheslav K (Eds.), Scanning Electron Microscopy, 23: 463-472. INTECH Open Access Publisher, Rijeka, Croatia.

Azubuike CP and Okhamafe AO (2012). Physiochemical, spectoscopic and thermal properties of microcrystalline cellulose derived from corn cobs. International Journal of Recycling of Organic Waste in Agriculture, 1(1): 1-7. https://doi.org/10.1186/2251-7715-1-9

Barbara SŚ, Sebastian P, and Dariusz D (2008). Characteristics of bacterial cellulose obtained from Acetobacter xylinum culture for application in papermaking. Fibres and Textiles in Eastern Europe, 4(69): 108-111.

Bottom R (2008). Thermogravimetric analysis. In: Gabbott P (Eds.), Principles and Applications of Thermal Analysis, 3: 87-118. Blackwell Publishing, New Jersey, USA. https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470697702.ch3

Chawla PR, Bajaj IB, Survase SA, and Singhal RS (2009). Microbial cellulose: Fermentative production and applications. Food Technology and Biotechnology, 47(2): 107-124.

Cheng KC, Catchmark JM, and Demirci A (2009). Enhanced production of bacterial cellulose by using a biofilm reactor and its material property analysis. Journal of Biological Engineering, 3(12): 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1186/1754-1611-3-12

Cheng Q, Wang J, McNeel JF, and Jacobson PM (2010). Water retention value measurements of cellulosic materials using a centrifuge technique. BioResources, 5(3): 1945-1954.

Goh WN, Rosma A, Kaur B, Fazilah A, Karim AA, and Rajeev Bhat (2012). Microstructure and physical properties of microbial cellulose produced during fermentation of black tea broth (Kombucha). II. International Food Research Journal, 19(1): 153-158.

Halib N, Amin MC and Ahmad I (2012). Physicochemical properties and characterization of nata de coco from local food industries as a source of cellulose. Sains Malaysiana 41(2): 205-211.

Jagannath A, Raju PS, and Bawa AS (2010). Comparative evaluation of bacterial cellulose (nata) as a cryoprotectant and carrier support during the freeze drying of probiotic lactic acid bacteria. LWT-Food Science and Technology, 43(8): 1197-1203. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lwt.2010.03.009

Jonas R and Farah LF (1998). Production and application of microbial cellulose. Polymer Degradation and Stability, 59(1-3): 101-106. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0141-3910(97)00197-3

Kaur M, Oberoi DP, Sogi DS, and Gill BS (2011). Physicochemical, morphological and pasting properties of acid treated starches from different botanical sources. Journal of Food Science and Technology, 48(4): 460-465. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13197-010-0126-x PMid:23572771 PMCid:PMC3551181

Ohwoavworhua FO, Adelakun TA, and Okhamafe AO (2009). Processing pharmaceutical grade microcrystalline cellulose from groundnut husk: Extraction methods and characterization. International Journal of Green Pharmacy, 3(2): 97-104. https://doi.org/10.4103/0973-8258.54895

Pachuau LS (2015). A mini review on plant-based nanocellulose: Production, sources, modifications and its potential in drug delivery applications. Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry, 15(7): 543-552. https://doi.org/10.2174/1389557515666150415150327 PMid:25877601

Selvakumaran S and Muhamad II (2015). Evaluation of kappa carrageenan as potential carrier for floating drug delivery system: Effect of cross linker. International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 496(2): 323-331. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2015.10.005 PMid:26453788

Shaharuddin S and Muhamad II (2015). Microencapsulation of alginate-immobilized bagasse with Lactobacillus rhamnosus NRRL 442: enhancement of survivability and thermotolerance. Carbohydrate Polymers, 119: 173-181. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2014.11.045 PMid:25563958

Wu SC and Lia YK (2008). Application of bacterial cellulose pellets in enzyme immobilization. Journal of Molecular Catalyst B: Enzymatic, 54(3-4): 103-108. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molcatb.2007.12.021

Zahan KA, Nordin K, Mustapha M, Zairi M, and Naqiuddin M (2015). Effect of incubation temperature on growth of Acetobacter xylinum 0416 and bacterial cellulose production. Applied Mechanics and Materials, 815: 3-8. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMM.815.3