International journal of

ADVANCED AND APPLIED SCIENCES

EISSN: 2313-3724, Print ISSN:2313-626X

Frequency: 12
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 Volume 4, Issue 12 (December 2017, Part 2), Pages: 302-308

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 Original Research Paper

 Title: Morphology and bonding analysis of torrefied empty fruit bunch materials

 Author(s): Muhammad Iqbal Ahmad 1, 2, *, Nur Afiqah Bakri 3, Zairi Ismael Rizman 4, Mohd Sukhairi Mat Rasat 1, Zainal Alimuddin Zainal Alauddin 2, Shahril Nizam Mohamed Soid 5, Mohd Sharizal Abdul Aziz 2, Mazlan Mohamed 1, Mohamad Faiz Mohd Amin 3

 Affiliation(s):

 1Faculty of Bioengineering and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, 17600 Jeli, Kelantan, Malaysia
 2School of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Engineering Campus, 14300 Nibong Tebal, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
 3Faculty of Earth Science, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, 17600 Jeli, Kelantan, Malaysia
 4Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 23000 Dungun, Terengganu, Malaysia
 5Malaysian Spanish Institute, Universiti Kuala Lumpur, 09000 Kulim, Kedah, Malaysia

 https://doi.org/10.21833/ijaas.2017.012.050

 Full Text - PDF          XML

 Abstract:

This study was conducted to investigate the impact of torrefaction process on surface morphology as well as functional group of EFB before undergoing further processing method so that it can be used as renewable energy. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) showed surface structure of EFB after undergoing torrefaction by which it is completely decomposed internally by producing pores, while the structure become flattened with almost disappeared sharp edge compared to the raw EFB. The changes of presence functional groups before and after the particular torrefaction process were observed under certain wavelength by using Fourier Transformation Infrared (FTIR) which were O-H bonds around 3420 cm-1, C-H bonds around 2930, 1430 and 850 cm-1, C=O bonds at 1750 cm-1 and much more. 

 © 2017 The Authors. Published by IASE.

 This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

 Keywords: EFB, Functional groups, Surface morphology, Torrefied

 Article History: Received 23 December 2016, Received in revised form 1 September 2017, Accepted 1 October 2017

 Digital Object Identifier: 

 https://doi.org/10.21833/ijaas.2017.012.050

 Citation:

 Ahmad MI, Bakri NA, Rizman ZI et al. (2017). Morphology and bonding analysis of torrefied empty fruit bunch materials. International Journal of Advanced and Applied Sciences, 4(12): 302-308

 Permanent Link:

 http://www.science-gate.com/IJAAS/V4I12(2)/Iqbal.html

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