International journal of

ADVANCED AND APPLIED SCIENCES

EISSN: 2313-3724, Print ISSN:2313-626X

Frequency: 12
line decor
  
line decor

 Volume 4, Issue 12 (December 2017, Part 2), Pages: 281-286

----------------------------------------------

 Original Research Paper

 Title: Influence of torrefaction on chemical compositions of empty fruit bunch (EFB) biomass using microwave heating

 Author(s): Muhammad Iqbal Ahmad 1, 2, *, Roslies Yusdarlina Mohd Yusoff 1, Mohd Sukhairi Mat Rasat 1, Zainal Alimuddin Zainal Alauddin 2, Shahril Nizam Mohamed Soid 3, Mazlan Mohamed 1, Mohd Hazim Mohamad Amini 1, Mohd Shahrizal Abdul Aziz 2, Mohamad Faiz Mohd Amin 4

 Affiliation(s):

 1Faculty of Bioengineering and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, 17600 Jeli, Kelantan, Malaysia
 2School of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Engineering Campus, 14300 Nibong Tebal, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
 3Universiti Kuala Lumpur, Malaysian Spanish Institute, 09000 Kulim, Kedah, Malaysia
 4Faculty of Earth Science, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, 17600 Jeli, Kelantan, Malaysia

 https://doi.org/10.21833/ijaas.2017.012.047

 Full Text - PDF          XML

 Abstract:

Lignocellulosic biomass is inexpensive, most abundance and provide the large-scale. Lignocellulosic are compose into three structures which are cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin. Empty Fruit Bunch (EFB) has the highest composition of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin among the abundance fiber like coir, corn, bagasse and kenaf fiber. Torrefaction was the process pre-treatment of biomass materials in inert atmosphere (nitrogen) in temperature range 200 to 300 °C by using microwave heating. Microwave controlled all the parameter which is power level (W), temperature (°C), volume of nitrogen (ml/min) and mass of sample (g) during the torrefaction process. In this study, the analysis of raw and torrefied EFB was done according to TAPPI standard method except hemicellulose which data was collected through equation. Result acquired reveals that the highest percentage in extractive, holocellulose, α- cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin was be found in raw EFB compared to other torrefaction EFB due to the degradation of content during torrefaction process. The degradation of hemicellulose was the takes place in temperature range 200 to 350 °C or even lower, whereas the degradation of cellulose and lignin occurs when 300 °C and above. This study determined EFB as useful alternative resources in feedstock material steam for power plant application. 

 © 2017 The Authors. Published by IASE.

 This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

 Keywords: Torrefied empty fruit bunch, Microwave heating, Chemical compositions

 Article History: Received 25 December 2016, Received in revised form 11 September 2017, Accepted 2 October 2017

 Digital Object Identifier: 

 https://doi.org/10.21833/ijaas.2017.012.047

 Citation:

 Ahmad MI, Yusoff RYM, Rasat MSM, and et al. (2017). Influence of torrefaction on chemical compositions of empty fruit bunch (EFB) biomass using microwave heating. International Journal of Advanced and Applied Sciences, 4(12): 281-286

 Permanent Link:

 http://www.science-gate.com/IJAAS/V4I12(2)/Ahmad.html

----------------------------------------------

 References (26)

  1. Ahmad MI, Alauddin ZA, Soid SN, Mohamed M, Rizman ZI, Rasat MS, Razab MK, and Amini MH (2015). Performance and carbon efficiency analysis of biomass via stratified gasifier. ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 10(20): 9533-9537. 
  2. Ahmad MI, Rasat MS, Soid SN, Mohamed M, Rizman ZI, and Amini MH (2016). Preliminary study of microwave irradiation towards oil palm empty fruit bunches biomass. Journal of Tropical Resources and Sustainable Science, 8(1): 133-137.     
  3. Anwar Z, Gulfraz M, and Irshad M (2014). Agro-industrial lignocellulosic biomass a key to unlock the future bio-energy: A brief review. Journal of Radiation Research and Applied Sciences, 7(2): 163–173. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrras.2014.02.003 
  4. Chen Q, Zhou J, Liu B, Mei Q and, Luo Z (2011). Influence of torrefaction pretreatment on biomass gasification technology. Chinese Science Bulletin, 56(14): 1449–1456. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11434-010-4292-z 
  5. Chen W and Kuo P (2010). A study on torrefaction of various biomass materials and its impact on lignocellulosic structure simulated by a thermogravimetry. Energy, 35(6): 2580–2586. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2010.02.054 
  6. Chen WH, Peng J and, Bi XT (2015). A state-of-the-art review of biomass torrefaction, densification and applications. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 44: 847–866. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2014.12.039 
  7. Ferrer A, Vega A, Ligero P, and Rodriguez A (2011). Pulping of empty fruit bunches (EFB) from the palm oil industry by formic acid. BioResources, 6(4): 4282–4301.     
  8. Hemmasi AH (2012). Producing paper from Iranian kenaf by soda and soda-anthraquinone processes. American-Eurasian Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, 12(7): 886–889.     
  9. Huang YF, Chiueh PT, Kuan WH, and Lo SL (2016). Microwave pyrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass: Heating performance and reaction kinetics. Energy, 100(2016): 137–144. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2016.01.088 
  10. Kassim MN, Idres M, Ahmad MI, and Rizman ZI (2015). Computational analysis of air intake system for internal combustion engine in presence of acoustic resonator. ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 10(20): 9468-9475.     
  11. Mohamed M, Amini MH, Sulaiman MA, Abu MB, Bakar MN, Abdullah NH, Yusuf NA, Khairul M, Razab AA, and Rizman ZI (2015). CFD simulation using wood (cengal and meranti) to improve cooling effect for Malaysia green building. ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 10(20): 9462-9467.     
  12. Palamae S, Palachum W, Chisti Y, and Choorit W (2014). Retention of hemicellulose during delignification of oil palm empty fruit bunch (EFB) fiber with peracetic acid and alkaline peroxide. Biomass and Bioenergy, 66(2014): 240–248. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2014.03.045 
  13. Peduzzi E, Boissonnet G, Haarlemmer G, Dupont C, and Maréchal F (2014). Torrefaction modelling for lignocellulosic biomass conversion processes. Energy, 70(2014): 58–67. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2014.03.086 
  14. Pelaez SMR, Yadama V, Garcia-Perez M, Lowell E, and McDonald AG (2014). Pyrolysis effect of temperature during wood torrefaction on the formation of lignin liquid intermediates. Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, 109(2014): 222–233. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaap.2014.06.008 
  15. Popova E, Chernov A, Maryandyshev P, Brillard A, Kehrli D, Trouvé G, Lyubov V, and Brilhac JF (2016). Thermal degradations of wood biofuels, coals and hydrolysis lignin from the Russian Federation: Experiments and modeling. Bioresource Technology, 218(2016): 1046–1054. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2016.07.033  PMid:27455128 
  16. Ramli R, Junadi N, Beg MDH, and Yunus RM (2015). Microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) from oil palm empty fruit bunch (EFB) fiber via simultaneous ultrasonic and alkali treatment. Materials and Metallurgical Engineering, 9(1): 8–11.     
  17. Rawangkul R, Khedari J, Hirunlabh J, and Zeghmati B (2010). Characteristics and performance analysis of a natural desiccant prepared from coconut coir. ScienceAsia, 36(3): 216–222. https://doi.org/10.2306/scienceasia1513-1874.2010.36.216 
  18. Saad MJ and Ibrahim R (2014). Effect of bleaching on coir fibre pulp and paper properties. Journal of Tropical Africulture and Food Science, 42(1): 51–61.     
  19. Shang L, Ahrenfeldt J, Holm JK, Sanadi AR, Barsberg S, Thomsen T, Stelte W, and Henriksen UB (2012). Changes of chemical and mechanical behavior of torrefied wheat straw. Biomass and Bioenergy, 40(2012): 63–70. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2012.01.049 
  20. Shen D, Zhang L, Xue J, Guan S, Liu Q, and Xiao R (2015). Thermal degradation of xylan-based hemicellulose under oxidative atmosphere. Carbohydrate Polymers, 127(2015): 363–371. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2015.03.067  PMid:25965495 
  21. Silva FF, Alves AM, de Lurdes Serrano M, and de Sousa AP (2017). Isolation and purification of concentrated and non-concentrated hemicellulose alkaline extracts. Separation and Purification Technology, 173(2105): 233–239. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2016.09.033 
  22. Sudiyani Y, Sembiring KC, Hendarsyah H, and Alawiyah S (2010). Alkaline pretreatment and enzymatic saccharification of oil palm empty fruit bunch fiber for ethanol production. Menara Perkebunan, 78(2): 70–74.     
  23. Uemura Y, Omar W, Othman NA, Yusup S, and Tsutsui T (2013). Torrefaction of oil palm EFB in the presence of oxygen. Fuel, 103(2013): 156–160. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2011.11.018 
  24. Wang P, Dudareva N, Morgan JA, and Chapple C (2015). Genetic manipulation of lignocellulosic biomass for bioenergy. Current Opinion in Chemical Biology, 29(2015): 32–39. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cbpa.2015.08.006  PMid:26342806 
  25. Wang X, Hu J and Zeng J (2012). Steam explosion pulping of oil palm empty fruit bunch fiber. BioResources, 7(1): 1008–1015.     
  26. Yaman S and Kucukbayrak S (2010). Comparison of the thermal reactivities of isolated lignin and holocellulose during pyrolysis. Fuel Processing Technology, 91(7): 759–764. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuproc.2010.02.009