International Journal of

ADVANCED AND APPLIED SCIENCES

EISSN: 2313-3724, Print ISSN: 2313-626X

Frequency: 12

line decor
  
line decor

 Volume 9, Issue 12 (December 2022), Pages: 108-113

----------------------------------------------

 Original Research Paper

Level of perceived stress and coping styles through positive mental health among nursing students in Hail, Saudi Arabia

 Author(s): Hamdan Albaqawi *, Bander Albagawi, Vincent Butcon, Salman Alsaqri, Petelyne Pangket

 Affiliation(s):

 College of Nursing, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia

  Full Text - PDF          XML

 * Corresponding Author. 

  Corresponding author's ORCID profile: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9749-9669

 Digital Object Identifier: 

 https://doi.org/10.21833/ijaas.2022.12.014

 Abstract:

This study aims to determine the level of stress and the coping style through positive mental health status among student nurses. Further, it aimed to look into the relationship between the level of stress and positive mental health. The study was conducted at the University of Hail, College of Nursing using the descriptive cross-sectional approach. Data was gathered in three months from November to January 2020 through a self-administered questionnaire. There were 175 student nurses who participated in the study as a result of simple random sampling. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the demographic characteristics of the nursing students, perceived stress, and positive mental health. T-test was used to determine differences in age, gender, marital status, and academic program while one-way ANOVA was used at an academic level. Pearson’s product moment of correlation was used to establish a relationship between perceived stress and positive mental health. Results revealed a moderate level of stress (Mean=24; SD=5.83) and a restrained Positive mental health status (Mean=103 SD=11.78) among the student nurses. Gender (p=.017) showed significance in terms of positive mental health status. There is no significant relationship (p=0.987) between Positive Mental Health and Perceived Stress among the nursing students in Hail, Saudi Arabia. Saudi nursing students experienced moderate to high levels of stress and a moderate level of positive mental health. Gender is significant in positive mental health. As no correlation was deemed between perceived stress and positive mental health, enhancement of coping strategies is recommended to train student nurses to handle stress and promote positive mental health.

 © 2022 The Authors. Published by IASE.

 This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

 Keywords: Positive mental health status, Perceived stress, Student nurses

 Article History: Received 8 June 2022, Received in revised form 2 September 2022, Accepted 2 September 2022

 Acknowledgment 

The authors acknowledge the support of the Scientific Research Deanship at the University of Hai’l, Saudi Arabia in funding this project with grant number 160559.

 Funding 

This research was funded by the Scientific Research Deanship at the University of Ha’il Saudi Arabia through project number 160559.

 Compliance with ethical standards

 Ethical consideration: 

This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of the University of Ha’il, where standard procedures for data collection and storage are employed for the protection of respondents’ information according to the guidelines of the Standing Committee for Research Ethics on Living Creatures. These involved (a) voluntariness to participate in the study, (b) withdrawal at any time for any reason, (c) anonymity of the respondents, and (d) data security.

 Conflict of interest: The author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.

 Citation:

 Albaqawi H, Albagawi B, Butcon V, Alsaqri S, and Pangket P (2022). Level of perceived stress and coping styles through positive mental health among nursing students in Hail, Saudi Arabia. International Journal of Advanced and Applied Sciences, 9(12): 108-113

 Permanent Link to this page

 Figures

 No Figure 

 Tables

 Table 1 Table 2 Table 3 Table 4

----------------------------------------------    

 References (37)

  1. Albaqawi H (2018). Predictors of stress and coping among nursing students in the college of nursing at University of Hail, Saudi Arabia. POJ Nursing Practice and Research, 2: 1-7. https://doi.org/10.32648/2577-9516/2/1/004   [Google Scholar]
  2. Al‐Gamal E, Alhosain A, and Alsunaye K (2018). Stress and coping strategies among Saudi nursing students during clinical education. Perspectives in Psychiatric Care, 54(2): 198-205. https://doi.org/10.1111/ppc.12223   [Google Scholar] PMid:28523717
  3. Alyousef SM (2019). Psychosocial stress factors among mental health nursing students in KSA. Journal of Taibah University Medical Sciences, 14(1): 60-66. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtumed.2018.11.006   [Google Scholar] PMid:31435391 PMCid:PMC6694876
  4. Bartlett ML, Taylor H, and Nelson JD (2016). Comparison of mental health characteristics and stress between baccalaureate nursing students and non-nursing students. Journal of Nursing Education, 55(2): 87-90. https://doi.org/10.3928/01484834-20160114-05   [Google Scholar] PMid:26814818
  5. Calvet MLM, Pillaca JC, and Iparraguirre CA (2020). Positive mental health and depression in college students in metropolitan Lima. Psychology and Psychological Research International Journal, 5(2): 000238. https://doi.org/10.23880/PPRIJ-16000238   [Google Scholar]
  6. Chaaya M, Osman H, Naassan G, and Mahfoud Z (2010). Validation of the Arabic version of the Cohen Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10) among pregnant and postpartum women. BMC Psychiatry, 10(1): 1-7. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-244X-10-111   [Google Scholar] PMid:21159169 PMCid:PMC3016315
  7. Chernomas WM and Shapiro C (2013). Stress, depression, and anxiety among undergraduate nursing students. International Journal of Nursing Education Scholarship, 10(1): 255-266. https://doi.org/10.1515/ijnes-2012-0032   [Google Scholar] PMid:24200536
  8. Cheung T, Wong SY, Wong KY, Law LY, Ng K, Tong MT, and Yip PS (2016). Depression, anxiety and symptoms of stress among baccalaureate nursing students in Hong Kong: A cross-sectional study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 13(8): 779. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph13080779   [Google Scholar] PMid:27527192 PMCid:PMC4997465
  9. Chipas A, Cordrey D, Floyd D, Grubbs L, Miller S, and Tyre B (2012). Stress: Perceptions, manifestations, and coping mechanisms of student registered nurse anesthetists. AANA Journal, 80(4): S49-S55.   [Google Scholar]
  10. Cilar L, Barr O, Štiglic G, and Pajnkihar M (2019). Mental well-being among nursing students in Slovenia and Northern Ireland: A survey. Nurse Education in Practice, 39: 130-135. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nepr.2019.07.012   [Google Scholar] PMid:31476545
  11. Cohen S (1988). Perceived stress in a probability sample of the United States. In: Spacapan S and Oskamp S (Eds.), The social psychology of health: 31-67. Sage Publications, Inc., Thousand Oaks, USA.   [Google Scholar]
  12. Cohen S, Kamarck T, and Mermelstein R (1983). A global measure of perceived stress. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 24(4): 385-396. https://doi.org/10.2307/2136404   [Google Scholar] PMid:6668417
  13. Devakani JSM, Jayabharathi B, Manonmani K, Lavanya L, and Rajeshwari M (2019). Assessment of psychological distress among B.Sc nursing students at SRM College of nursing. Amarjeet Kaur Sandhu, 11(3): 45-50. https://doi.org/10.5958/0974-9357.2019.00062.X   [Google Scholar]
  14. Diaz-Godiño J, Fernández-Henriquez L, Peña-Pastor F, Alfaro-Flores P, Manrique-Borjas G, and Mayta-Tovalino F (2019). Lifestyles, depression, anxiety, and stress as risk factors in nursing apprentices: A logistic regression analysis of 1193 students in Lima, Peru. Journal of Environmental and Public Health, 2019: 7395784. https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/7395784   [Google Scholar] PMid:31781255 PMCid:PMC6875181
  15. Du ML, Deng WX, Sun W, Chien CW, Tung TH, and Zou XC (2020). Assessment of mental health among nursing staff at different levels. Medicine, 99(6): e19049. https://doi.org/10.1097/MD.0000000000019049   [Google Scholar] PMid:32028420 PMCid:PMC7015557
  16. Duan X, Ni X, Shi L, Zhang L, Ye Y, Mu H, and Wang Y (2019). The impact of workplace violence on job satisfaction, job burnout, and turnover intention: The mediating role of social support. Health and Quality of Life Outcomes, 17(1): 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12955-019-1164-3   [Google Scholar] PMid:31146735 PMCid:PMC6543560
  17. Evans W and Kelly B (2004). Pre-registration diploma student nurse stress and coping measures. Nurse Education Today, 24(6): 473-482. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nedt.2004.05.004   [Google Scholar] PMid:15312957
  18. Hamaideh SH, Al-Omari H, and Al-Modallal H (2017). Nursing students’ perceived stress and coping behaviors in clinical training in Saudi Arabia. Journal of Mental Health, 26(3): 197-203. https://doi.org/10.3109/09638237.2016.1139067   [Google Scholar] PMid:26850046
  19. He FX, Turnbull B, Kirshbaum MN, Phillips B, and Klainin-Yobas P (2018). Assessing stress, protective factors and psychological well-being among undergraduate nursing students. Nurse Education Today, 68: 4-12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nedt.2018.05.013   [Google Scholar] PMid:29870871
  20. Hiler CA, Hickman Jr RL, Reimer AP, and Wilson K (2018). Predictors of moral distress in a US sample of critical care nurses. American Journal of Critical Care, 27(1): 59-66. https://doi.org/10.4037/ajcc2018968   [Google Scholar] PMid:29292277 
  21. Khamisa N, Oldenburg B, Peltzer K, and Ilic D (2015). Work related stress, burnout, job satisfaction and general health of nurses. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 12(1): 652-666. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph120100652   [Google Scholar] PMid:25588157 PMCid:PMC4306884
  22. Lee EH (2012). Review of the psychometric evidence of the perceived stress scale. Asian Nursing Research, 6(4): 121-127. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anr.2012.08.004   [Google Scholar] PMid:25031113
  23. Leung DY, Lam TH, and Chan SS (2010). Three versions of perceived stress scale: Validation in a sample of Chinese cardiac patients who smoke. BMC Public Health, 10: 513. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-10-513   [Google Scholar] PMid:20735860 PMCid:PMC2939644
  24. Lluch Canut M (2000). Construcción de una escala para evaluar la salud mental positiva. Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.   [Google Scholar]
  25. Lluch-Canut T, Puig-Llobet M, Sánchez-Ortega A, Roldán-Merino J, and Ferré-Grau C (2013). Assessing positive mental health in people with chronic physical health problems: Correlations with socio-demographic variables and physical health status. BMC Public Health, 13: 928. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-13-928   [Google Scholar] PMid:24093443 PMCid:PMC3853147
  26. Mealer M (2016). Burnout syndrome in the intensive care unit Future directions for research. Annals of the American Thoracic Society, 13(7): 997-998. https://doi.org/10.1513/AnnalsATS.201604-280ED   [Google Scholar] PMid:27388395 PMCid:PMC5802691
  27. Mitchell AM, Crane PA, and Kim Y (2008). Perceived stress in survivors of suicide: Psychometric properties of the perceived stress scale. Research in Nursing and Health, 31(6): 576-585. https://doi.org/10.1002/nur.20284   [Google Scholar] PMid:18449942
  28. Mohammed MA, Manktelow BN, and Hofer TP (2016). Comparison of four methods for deriving hospital standardized mortality ratios from a single hierarchical logistic regression model. Statistical Methods in Medical Research, 25(2): 706-715. https://doi.org/10.1177/0962280212465165   [Google Scholar] PMid:23136148
  29. Mohebbi Z, Setoodeh G, Torabizadeh C, and Rambod M (2019). State of mental health and associated factors in nursing students from southeastern Iran. Investigación y Educación en Enfermería, 37(3): e04. https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.iee.v37n3e04   [Google Scholar]
  30. Pacheco JP, Giacomin HT, Tam WW, Ribeiro TB, Arab C, Bezerra IM, and Pinasco GC (2017). Mental health problems among medical students in Brazil: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Brazilian Journal of Psychiatry, 39(4): 369-378. https://doi.org/10.1590/1516-4446-2017-2223   [Google Scholar] PMid:28876408 PMCid:PMC7111407
  31. Poronsky CB (2013). Exploring the transition from registered nurse to family nurse practitioner. Journal of Professional Nursing, 29(6): 350-358. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.profnurs.2012.10.011   [Google Scholar] PMid:24267929
  32. Roldán‐Merino J, Lluch‐Canut MT, Casas I, Sanromà‐Ortíz M, Ferré‐Grau C, Sequeira C, and Puig‐Llobet M (2017). Reliability and validity of the positive mental health questionnaire in a sample of Spanish university students. Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing, 24(2-3): 123-133. https://doi.org/10.1111/jpm.12358   [Google Scholar] PMid:28150373
  33. Rushton CH, Batcheller J, Schroeder K, and Donohue P (2015). Burnout and resilience among nurses practicing in high-intensity settings. American Journal of Critical Care, 24(5): 412-420. https://doi.org/10.4037/ajcc2015291   [Google Scholar] PMid:26330434
  34. Stott A (2004). Issues in the socialisation process of the male student nurse: Implications for retention in undergraduate nursing courses. Nurse Education Today, 24(2): 91-97. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nedt.2003.09.005   [Google Scholar] PMid:14769452
  35. Wang Z, Chen J, Boyd JE, Zhang H, Jia X, Qiu J, and Xiao Z (2011). Psychometric properties of the Chinese version of the perceived stress scale in policewomen. PLOS ONE, 6(12): e28610. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0028610   [Google Scholar] PMid:22164311 PMCid:PMC3229602
  36. WHO (2007). Atlas: Nurses in mental health 2007. World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.   [Google Scholar]
  37. Zhang Y, Peters A, and Chen G (2018). Perceived stress mediates the associations between sleep quality and symptoms of anxiety and depression among college nursing students. International Journal of Nursing Education Scholarship, 15(1). https://doi.org/10.1515/ijnes-2017-0020   [Google Scholar] PMid:29306924