International Journal of

ADVANCED AND APPLIED SCIENCES

EISSN: 2313-3724, Print ISSN: 2313-626X

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 Volume 8, Issue 1 (January 2021), Pages: 95-103

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 Original Research Paper

 Title: Valorization of underutilized river tamarind Leucaena leucocephala seeds biomass for cellulose nanocrystals synthesis

 Author(s): Maryam Husin 1, Zul Ilham 2, *, Abd Rashid Li 3, Atik Zufar Mohd Razaki 2, Wan Abd Al Qadr Imad Wan-Mohtar 2, Salbiah Man 3

 Affiliation(s):

 1Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam, Malaysia
 2Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
 3Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

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 * Corresponding Author. 

  Corresponding author's ORCID profile: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3836-0848

 Digital Object Identifier: 

 https://doi.org/10.21833/ijaas.2021.01.012

 Abstract:

River tamarind or scientifically Leucaena leucocephala, is one of the underutilized nanocellulose resources with the potential to be used in reinforcement materials. This work evaluated the use of the insoluble residual waste or marc obtained during the isolation of galactomannan from Leucaena leucocephala seed (LLS) as a feedstock of cellulose to obtain cellulose nanocrystals by a two-step acid hydrolysis followed by its characterization and morphological study. The first step involved acid hydrolyzation of the hemicellulose and lignin from LLS, while the second step dealt with the removal of the amorphous region to produce crystalline LLS nanocrystals (NLLS). The physicochemical properties of nanocrystals were characterized using the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), particle size analyzer (PSA), X-ray diffractometer (XRD), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), and gel permeation chromatography (GPC). The NLLS isolated showed a rod-like structure in the range of 70–90nm in diameter with a crystallinity index of 76% and thermal stability at 264°C. PSA indicates that 97.5% of the size distribution of NLLS was below 136.9nm. GPC analysis also revealed that the sulphuric acid hydrolyzation during the second step caused a reduction in the molecular weight due to the cleaving of glycosidic bonds in the structure.  These results indicated that LLS waste is a potential feedstock for cellulose nanocrystals preparation. 

 © 2020 The Authors. Published by IASE.

 This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

 Keywords: Leucaena leucocephala, Cellulose, Nanocrystals, Acid hydrolysis, Agricultural waste

 Article History: Received 6 May 2020, Received in revised form 1 September 2020, Accepted 3 September 2020

 Acknowledgment:

The authors would like to thank the University of Malaya for research funding IIRG017B-2019 and ST006-2019.

 Compliance with ethical standards

 Conflict of interest: The author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.

 Citation:

  Husin M, Ilham Z, and Li AR et al. (2021). Valorization of underutilized river tamarind Leucaena leucocephala seeds biomass for cellulose nanocrystals synthesis. International Journal of Advanced and Applied Sciences, 8(1): 95-103

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 Figures

 Fig. 1 Fig. 2 Fig. 3 Fig. 4 Fig. 5 Fig. 6 Fig. 7 

 Tables

 Table 1 

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