International journal of

ADVANCED AND APPLIED SCIENCES

EISSN: 2313-3724, Print ISSN:2313-626X

Frequency: 12
line decor
  
line decor

 Volume 6, Issue 12 (December 2019), Pages: 7-17

----------------------------------------------

 Original Research Paper

 Title: Islamic work ethic and job outcomes: The mediating role of job satisfaction

 Author(s): Hira Salah Ud Din Khan *, Ma Zhiqiang, Shumaila Naz

 Affiliation(s):

 Department of Human Resource Management, School of Management, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China

  Full Text - PDF          XML

 * Corresponding Author. 

  Corresponding author's ORCID profile: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7130-6897

 Digital Object Identifier: 

 https://doi.org/10.21833/ijaas.2019.12.002

 Abstract:

This study focuses on the impact of Islamic Work Ethic on Job outcomes such as Knowledge sharing behavior and Work Engagement. This study also attempts to investigate the mediating impact of Job Satisfaction in the relationship between Islamic Work Ethic and Job outcomes (Knowledge Sharing behavior and Work Engagement. Data was collected from 250 employees working in different telecom organizations of Pakistan by using a random sampling technique. Statistical tests were conducted by using statistical package for social sciences. The results show that there is a positive significant relationship between Islamic Work Ethic, knowledge sharing behavior, and Work Engagement. However, the results regarding the association between Job Satisfaction and Work Engagement were not supported. Furthermore, the results revealed interesting results that Job Satisfaction fully mediates the relationship between Islamic Work Ethic and Job outcomes (knowledge sharing behavior and Work Engagement). The results endorse the significance of Islamic Work Ethic on vital job outcomes as well as the intervening role of Job Satisfaction. Moreover, implications for management, discussion, and limitations of the present study are taken into consideration with recommendations for future studies. This research study adds to the existing literature on Islamic Work Ethic, job outcomes, and job satisfaction. 

 © 2019 The Authors. Published by IASE.

 This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

 Keywords: Islamic work ethic, Job satisfaction, Knowledge sharing behavior, Work engagement

 Article History: Received 1 May 2019, Received in revised form 15 September 2019, Accepted 23 September 2019

 Acknowledgement:

No acknowledgement.

 Compliance with ethical standards

 Conflict of interest:  The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

 Citation:

 Khan HSUD, Zhiqiang M, and Naz S (2019). Islamic work ethic and job outcomes: The mediating role of job satisfaction. International Journal of Advanced and Applied Sciences, 6(12): 7-17

 Permanent Link to this page

 Figures

 Fig. 1

 Tables

 Table 1 Table 2 Table 3 Table 4 Table 5 Table 6 

----------------------------------------------

 References (66) 

  1. Abbasi AS and Rana AH (2012). Impact of Islamic work ethics, reward system and organizational environment on citizenship behavior of employees. Science International-Lahore, 24(4): 513-519.   [Google Scholar]
  2. Abraham S (2012). Job satisfaction as an antecedent to employee engagement. SIES Journal of Management, 8(2): 27-36.   [Google Scholar]
  3. Abu Bakar R, Cooke FL, and Muenjohn N (2018). Religiosity as a source of influence on work engagement: A study of the Malaysian Finance industry. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 29(18): 2632-2658. https://doi.org/10.1080/09585192.2016.1254103   [Google Scholar]
  4. Abu-Shamaa R, Al-Rabayah WA, and Khasawneh RT (2015). The effect of job satisfaction and work engagement on organizational commitment. IUP Journal of Organizational Behavior, 14(4): 7-27.   [Google Scholar]
  5. Adib M and Muin A (2011). The effect of Islamic work ethics on work outcomes: A case study on higher education in state of Kedah. Ph.D. Dissertation, Universiti Utara Malaysia, Changlun, Malaysia.   [Google Scholar]
  6. Ahmad MS (2011). Work ethics: An Islamic prospective. Journal of Human Sciences, 8(1): 850-859.   [Google Scholar]
  7. Ajmal MU and Irfan S (2014). Understanding the moderating role of Islamic work ethics between job stress and work outcomes. IOSR Journal of Business and Management, 16(1): 62-67. https://doi.org/10.9790/487X-16146267   [Google Scholar]
  8. Al-A'ali M (2008). Computer ethics for the computer professional from an Islamic point of view. Journal of Information, Communication and Ethics in Society, 6(1): 28-45. https://doi.org/10.1108/14779960810866783   [Google Scholar]
  9. Alavi M and Leidner DE (2001). Knowledge management and knowledge management systems: Conceptual foundations and research issues. MIS Quarterly, 25(1): 107-136. https://doi.org/10.2307/3250961   [Google Scholar]
  10. Aldulaimi SH (2016). Fundamental Islamic perspective of work ethics. Journal of Islamic Accounting and Business Research, 7(1): 59-76. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIABR-02-2014-0006   [Google Scholar]
  11. Ali A (1988). Scaling an Islamic work ethic. The Journal of Social Psychology, 128(5): 575-583. https://doi.org/10.1080/00224545.1988.9922911   [Google Scholar]
  12. Ali AJ (1992). The Islamic work ethic in Arabia. The Journal of Psychology, 126(5): 507-519. https://doi.org/10.1080/00223980.1992.10543384   [Google Scholar]
  13. Ali AJ and Al-Kazemi AA (2007). Islamic work ethic in Kuwait. Cross Cultural Management: An international Journal, 14(2): 93-104. https://doi.org/10.1108/13527600710745714   [Google Scholar]
  14. Ali AJ and Weir D (2005). Islamic perspectives on management and organization. Journal of Management, Spirituality and Religion, 2(3): 410-415. https://doi.org/10.1080/14766080509518602   [Google Scholar]
  15. Andrawina L and Govindaraju R (2009). Knowledge sharing capability, absorptive capacity, and innovation capability: An empirical study of Indonesia's information and communication technology industry. Journal of ICT, 8: 85-102.   [Google Scholar]
  16. Arches J (1991). Social structure, burnout, and job satisfaction. Social Work, 36(3): 202-206.   [Google Scholar]
  17. Bartol KM and Srivastava A (2002). Encouraging knowledge sharing: The role of organizational reward systems. Journal of Leadership and Organizational Studies, 9(1): 64-76. https://doi.org/10.1177/107179190200900105   [Google Scholar]
  18. Beekun RI (1997). Islamic business ethics (No. 2). International Institute of Islamic Thought (IIIT), Herndon, USA. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvk8w1zv   [Google Scholar]
  19. Churchill GA, Ford NM, and Walker Jr OC (1974). Measuring the job satisfaction of industrial salesmen. Journal of Marketing Research, 11(3): 254-260. https://doi.org/10.1177/002224377401100303   [Google Scholar]
  20. Connelly CE and Kelloway KE (2003). Predictors of employees’ perceptions of knowledge sharing cultures. Leadership and Organization Development Journal, 24(5): 294-301. https://doi.org/10.1108/01437730310485815   [Google Scholar]
  21. Cropanzano R and Mitchell MS (2005). Social exchange theory: An interdisciplinary review. Journal of Management, 31(6): 874-900. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206305279602   [Google Scholar]
  22. Davis J and Wilson SM (2000). Principals' efforts to empower teachers: Effects on teacher motivation and job satisfaction and stress. The Clearing House, 73(6): 349-353. https://doi.org/10.1080/00098650009599442   [Google Scholar]
  23. de Clercq D, Bouckenooghe D, Raja U, and Matsyborska G (2014). Unpacking the goal congruence–organizational deviance relationship: The roles of work engagement and emotional intelligence. Journal of Business Ethics, 124(4): 695-711. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-013-1902-0   [Google Scholar]
  24. de Vries RE, Van den Hooff B, and de Ridder JA (2006). Explaining knowledge sharing: The role of team communication styles, job satisfaction, and performance beliefs. Communication Research, 33(2): 115-135. https://doi.org/10.1177/0093650205285366   [Google Scholar]
  25. Faragher EB, Cass M, and Cooper CL (2005). The relationship between job satisfaction and health: A meta-analysis. Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 62(2): 105-112. https://doi.org/10.1136/oem.2002.006734   [Google Scholar] PMid:15657192 PMCid:PMC1740950
  26. Ghazali AH (1994). Islamic values and management. Institute of Islamic Understanding Malaysia (IKIM), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.   [Google Scholar]
  27. Gosserand RH and Diefendorff JM (2005). Emotional display rules and emotional labor: The moderating role of commitment. Journal of Applied Psychology, 90(6): 1256-1264. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.90.6.1256   [Google Scholar] PMid:16316278
  28. Grant RM (1996). Toward a knowledge‐based theory of the firm. Strategic Management Journal, 17(S2): 109-122. https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.4250171110   [Google Scholar]
  29. Griffin MA, Patterson MG, and West MA (2001). Job satisfaction and teamwork: The role of supervisor support. Journal of Organizational Behavior: The International Journal of Industrial, Occupational and Organizational Psychology and Behavior, 22(5): 537-550. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.101   [Google Scholar]
  30. Hackman JR and Oldham GR (1975). Development of the job diagnostic survey. Journal of Applied Psychology, 60(2): 159-170. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0076546   [Google Scholar]
  31. Haroon M, Zaman HF, and Rehman W (2012). The relationship between Islamic work ethics and job satisfaction in healthcare sector of Pakistan. International Journal of Contemporary Business Studies, 3(5): 6-12.   [Google Scholar]
  32. Hayati K and Caniago I (2012). Islamic work ethic: The role of intrinsic motivation, job satisfaction, organizational commitment and job performance. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 65: 1102-1106. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.05.148   [Google Scholar]
  33. Hicks RE, O'Reilly G, and Bahr M (2014). Organisational engagement and its driving forces: A case study in a retail travel organisation with international outreach. International Journal of Management Cases, 16(3): 4-19.   [Google Scholar]
  34. Hodson R (1991). Workplace behaviors: Good soldiers, smooth operators, and saboteurs. Work and Occupations, 18(3): 271-290. https://doi.org/10.1177/0730888491018003002   [Google Scholar]
  35. Jeanson S and Michinov E (2018). What is the key to researchers’ job satisfaction? One response is professional identification mediated by work engagement. Current Psychology Journal: 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-017-9778-2   [Google Scholar]
  36. Kaptein M (2011). From inaction to external whistleblowing: The influence of the ethical culture of organizations on employee responses to observed wrongdoing. Journal of Business Ethics, 98(3): 513-530. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-010-0591-1   [Google Scholar]
  37. Khadijah AS, Kamaluddin N, and Salin ASAP (2015). Islamic work ethics (IWE) practice among employees of banking sectors. Middle-East Journal of Scientific Research, 23(5): 924-931.   [Google Scholar]
  38. Khalil M and Abu-Saad I (2009). Islamic work ethic among Arab college students in Israel. Cross Cultural Management: An International Journal, 16(4): 333-346. https://doi.org/10.1108/13527600911000320   [Google Scholar]
  39. Khan K, Abbas M, Gul A, and Raja U (2015). Organizational justice and job outcomes: Moderating role of Islamic work ethic. Journal of Business Ethics, 126(2): 235-246. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-013-1937-2   [Google Scholar]
  40. Kumar N and Rose CR (2012). The impact of knowledge sharing and Islamic work ethic on innovation capability. Cross Cultural Management: An International Journal, 19(2): 142-165. https://doi.org/10.1108/13527601211219847   [Google Scholar]
  41. Lin HF and Lee GG (2004). Perceptions of senior managers toward knowledge-sharing behaviour. Management Decision, 42(1): 108-125. https://doi.org/10.1108/00251740410510181   [Google Scholar]
  42. Masa’deh R, Gharaibeh E, Tarhini A, and Obeidat BY (2016). Knowledge sharing capability: A literature review. Journal of Business and Management, 4: 1-13. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2696924   [Google Scholar]
  43. Mohamed N, Karim NSA, and Hussein R (2010). Linking Islamic work ethic to computer use ethics, job satisfaction and organisational commitment in Malaysia. Journal of Business Systems, Governance and Ethics, 5(1): 13-23. https://doi.org/10.15209/jbsge.v5i1.175   [Google Scholar]
  44. Mohammad J, Quoquab F, and Omar R (2016). Factors affecting organizational citizenship behavior among Malaysian bank employees: The moderating role of Islamic work ethic. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 224: 562-570. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2016.05.440   [Google Scholar]
  45. Murray RA (1999). Job satisfaction of professional and paraprofessional library staff at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. M.Sc. Theses, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.   [Google Scholar]
  46. Murtaza G, Abbas M, Raja U, Roques O, Khalid A, and Mushtaq R (2016). Impact of Islamic work ethics on organizational citizenship behaviors and knowledge-sharing behaviors. Journal of Business Ethics, 133(2): 325-333. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-014-2396-0   [Google Scholar]
  47. Pallant J (2007). SPSS survival manual: A step by step guide to data analysis using SPSS for windows. 3rd Edition, Maidenhead Open University Press, London, UK.   [Google Scholar]
  48. Pascoe C, Ali IM, and Warne L (2002). Yet another role for job satisfaction and work motivation–Enabler of knowledge creation and knowledge sharing. In the 2002 Informing Science+ IT Education Conference: 1239-1248. https://doi.org/10.28945/2555   [Google Scholar]
  49. Paura L and Arhipova I (2012). Advantages and disadvantages of professional and free software for teaching statistics. Information Technology and Management Science, 15(1): 9-64. https://doi.org/10.2478/v10313-012-0001-z   [Google Scholar]
  50. Randall DM and Cote JA (1991). Interrelationships of work commitment constructs. Work and Occupations, 18(2): 194-211. https://doi.org/10.1177/0730888491018002004   [Google Scholar]
  51. Rawwas MY, Javed B, and Iqbal MN (2018). Perception of politics and job outcomes: Moderating role of Islamic work ethic. Personnel Review, 47(1): 74-94. https://doi.org/10.1108/PR-03-2016-0068   [Google Scholar]
  52. Rice G (1999). Islamic ethics and the implications for business. Journal of Business Ethics, 18(4): 345-358. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1005711414306   [Google Scholar]
  53. Rokhman W (2010). The effect of Islamic work ethics on work outcomes. EJBO-Electronic Journal of Business Ethics and Organization Studies, 15(1): 21-27.   [Google Scholar]
  54. Rokhman W and Hassan A (2012). The effect of Islamic work ethic on organisational justice. African Journal of Business Ethics, 6(1): 25-29. https://doi.org/10.4103/1817-7417.104699   [Google Scholar]
  55. Salancik GR and Pfeffer J (1977). Who gets power—and how they hold on to it: A strategic-contingency model of power. Organizational Dynamics, 5(3): 3-21. https://doi.org/10.1016/0090-2616(77)90028-6   [Google Scholar]       
  56. Schaufeli WB, Salanova M, González-Romá V, and Bakker AB (2002). The measurement of engagement and burnout: A two sample confirmatory factor analytic approach. Journal of Happiness Studies, 3(1): 71-92. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1015630930326   [Google Scholar]
  57. Shamsudin ASB, Kassim AWBM, Hassan MG, and Johari NA (2010). Preliminary insights on the effect of Islamic work ethic on relationship marketing and customer satisfaction. The Journal of Human Resource and Adult Learning, 6(1): 106-114.   [Google Scholar]
  58. Shin JEL, Rosenthal L, Levy SR, Lytle A, London B, and Lobel M (2016). The roles of the protestant work ethic and perceived identity compatibility in graduate students 'feelings and attitudes toward stem and non-stem fields. Journal of Women and Minorities in Science and Engineering, 22(4): 309-327. https://doi.org/10.1615/JWomenMinorScienEng.2016014763   [Google Scholar]
  59. Spector PE (1997). Job satisfaction: Application, assessment, causes, and consequences. Sage Publications, Thousand Oaks, USA. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781452231549   [Google Scholar]
  60. Tziner AE and Vardi Y (1984). Work satisfaction and absenteeism among social workers: The role of altruistic values. Work and Occupations, 11(4): 461-470. https://doi.org/10.1177/0730888484011004005   [Google Scholar]
  61. Wang S and Noe RA (2010). Knowledge sharing: A review and directions for future research. Human Resource Management Review, 20(2): 115-131. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hrmr.2009.10.001   [Google Scholar]
  62. Wanous JP and Lawler EE (1972). Measurement and meaning of job satisfaction. Journal of Applied Psychology, 56(2): 95-105. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0032664   [Google Scholar]
  63. Weber M (1958). The Protestant ethic and the spirit of capitalism, trans. Charles Scribner’s Sons, New York, USA.   [Google Scholar]
  64. Yousef DA (2000a). Organizational commitment as a mediator of the relationship between Islamic work ethic and attitudes toward organizational change. Human Relations, 53(4): 513-537. https://doi.org/10.1177/0018726700534003   [Google Scholar]
  65. Yousef DA (2000b). The Islamic work ethic as a mediator of the relationship between locus of control, role conflict and role ambiguity: A study in an Islamic country setting. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 15(4): 283-298. https://doi.org/10.1108/02683940010330966   [Google Scholar]
  66. Yousef DA (2001). Islamic work ethic: A moderator between organizational commitment and job satisfaction in a cross-cultural context. Personnel Review, 30(2): 152-169. https://doi.org/10.1108/00483480110380325   [Google Scholar]